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<h2>基于Gitee+Hexo搭建个人博客</h2>
<p>说到个人博客，我更倾心于<strong>GitHub Page</strong>方式的个人静态博客，虽然每次需要自己基于<em>Markdown</em>文档生成<em>HTML</em>页面，但是这种方式一是免费，二是可以完全自定义博客且木有广告链接，想用起来极为干净舒适！</p>
<p>奈何由于国外的<strong>GitHub Page</strong>访问总是莫名龟速且不稳定，幸好我们有了国内对应的第一个开源代码托管平台<strong>码云：码云（<a href="https://link.segmentfault.com/?enc=1Yeg2Pz8kzDlhQdjk9T%2B5w%3D%3D.RAklX0L9Fetca71G0sFfJmYxNMIGySyA%2F0I4M05WSu0%3D" rel="nofollow">https://gitee.com/</a>）</strong>，因而可以在国内搭建访问与SEO检索都优于<strong>GitHub</strong>的个人网站。</p>
<p>由于自己刚接触个人网站不久，而且上周才勉强搭建起自己的个人小站。虽然网上有很多详细的教程，但是大多教程彼此借鉴严重，很多步骤只是标准化的回答，导致自己在实际搭建时遇到了不少看似不大，却很严重的“大坑”。作为记录整理，趁热打铁来梳理一下安装过程中遇到的“坑”，也希望可以为其他选择使用<em>Gitee+Hexo</em>搭建个人博客的亲们提供帮助。</p>
<hr>
<h3>一、环境配置</h3>
<p>由于我们选择在<em>Windows 10平台</em>上使用<em>Gitee+Hexo</em>来搭建个人博客，且网站/博客本质上是一个资源目录，其中包含了显示的页面文本与调用的样式（CSS等）文件，因此我们需要首先在本地建立一个存储个人网站的目录，如命名为<em>MyWebDir</em>。</p>
<p>接下来，我们就需要安装两个重要的环境，一个是提供版本克隆与下载跟踪的<em>Git</em>，一个是由文本文件生成<em>HTML</em>文件的<em>Hexo</em>框架，其中：</p>
<ul>
<li>
<em>node.js</em>下载可以从其官方界面开始<a href="https://link.segmentfault.com/?enc=jqXBUzRsfdUwqYiYsRx%2FLg%3D%3D.x05SLR4nyeXad75wzxGjxUm%2B1laQw%2FGIi7nIrdPxEIc%3D" rel="nofollow">https://nodejs.org/zh-cn/</a>
</li>
<li>
<em>Git</em>下载则可以从其官方界面开始<a href="https://link.segmentfault.com/?enc=fQDfFpPTEN22FphjOyaiEg%3D%3D.LfV9lhJNH62kTUuthfwgpWW9vp42tXBC%2Fioavin7wz4%3D" rel="nofollow">https://git-scm.com/</a>
</li>
</ul>
<p>上述安装下载后按照指示安装即可，安装成功在<em>MyWeb</em>中单击空白右键，应能弹出启动<em>Git Bash Here</em>的选项。</p>
<h3>二、Hexo的安装与基本命令</h3>
<p>接下来我们可以安装生成网站的关键——<strong>Hexo</strong>架构了，其主要信息和安装命令、主题等都可以从其官网轻松得到：<a href="https://link.segmentfault.com/?enc=BDm5hoTgiLJVdvP%2F29r%2BkQ%3D%3D.pIisCIB06%2FLp%2BARMMvE8V8YkOk7cp2qSm2kdjucYWx8%3D" rel="nofollow">https://hexo.io/zh-cn/</a></p>
<p>为了安装<em>Hexo</em>，只需要在<em>MyWeb</em>目录中单击右键启动<em>Git Bash Here</em>，然后输入命令：</p>
<pre><code class="git">npm install hexo-cli -g</code></pre>
<p>网上有很多其他的命令，建议<strong>一切以官网命令为依据</strong>，由于时间版本原因，很有可能未来的命令发生改变而失效。</p>
<p>然后等待几分钟（取决于你的网速），完成后需要首先进行初始化在本地生成<em>Hexo</em>相关目录：</p>
<pre><code>hexo init</code></pre>
<p>然后就可以使用<em>Hexo三连</em>了，即我们最常用的三个主要命令（依旧在上述Git Bash命令端口中）：</p>
<pre><code>hexo clean # 清空已有hexo网站文件
hexo generate(or g) # 依据网页文本与新的CSS样式生成新网站文件
hexo server(or s) # 启动本地服务器，可以在localhost:4000查看网站修改效果</code></pre>
<p>依次运行上述三个命令，就可以在浏览器打开<em>localhost:4000</em>端口，查看对应网站界面效果，一般默认的是一个<em>landscape</em>主题，后期当提交新文章或者新的样式修改时，往往都是先从本地查看结果无误后再部署到<em>Gitee Page</em>。</p>
<h3>三、主题下载与安装</h3>
<p><em>Hexo</em>官网上提供了丰富的主题可选，你只需要打开对应的界面（<a href="https://link.segmentfault.com/?enc=oCoT6cHZAjkpcsrtuXsobg%3D%3D.PGqKX6h5L32%2B1AeFm0rOeHBzhCWaPoC9U%2FzHGsYDnv0%3D" rel="nofollow">https://hexo.io/themes/</a>）选择喜欢的，然后点击<strong>名称</strong>跳转到<strong>GitHub</strong>仓库选择<em>下载或者克隆</em>对应的<strong>zip</strong>文件到本地，并且解压到网站目录下的<strong>themes</strong>目录即可。</p>
<p><span class="img-wrap"><img class="lazy" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" data-src="/img/bVbqta8?w=602&amp;h=620" alt="图片描述" title="图片描述"></span></p>
<p>下图中则是我网站中的主题文件，请注意网站的路径：</p>
<p><span class="img-wrap"><img class="lazy" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" data-src="/img/bVbqtbb?w=621&amp;h=431" alt="图片描述" title="图片描述"></span></p>
<p>然后接下来，你需要修改两个配置文件：</p>
<ul>
<li>你的网站根目录下的<strong>_config.yml</strong>文件，即网站配置文件；</li>
<li>你选择的主题的自带配置文件<strong>_config.yml</strong>，即主题样式配置文件；</li>
</ul>
<p>网站配置文件会配置你网站的<strong>URL</strong>地址、博客名称以及与<strong>Gitee上传的方式</strong>等基本信息；而主题样式配置文件则会定义实际页面显示的美观效果、多媒体（声音视频等）以及评论等附加功能。</p>
<h3>四、网站配置文件修改</h3>
<p>关于网站配置文件修改很简单，但是并不容易，因为一不小心就会出现域名带来的访问错误，在开始修改网站配置文件前，我建议大家先去<em>Gitee</em>上注册登录新建一个仓库用来保存你未来展示的个人博客页面、样式等资源，关于名称，很多网上教程都说可以自定义，然后在配置文件中正确指定即可，然而这里自己遇到了第一个<strong>坑</strong>：</p>
<h4>坑一：新建仓库与<em>Gitee</em>不同名导致无法正确解析</h4>
<p>网站配置文件采用文本样式打开后，可以找到下面一段代码：</p>
<pre><code class="html"># URL
## If your site is put in a subdirectory, set url as 'http://yoursite.com/child' and root as '/child/'

url: http://muqianzhi.gitee.io/
root: /
permalink: :year/:month/:day/:title/
permalink_defaults:</code></pre>
<p>上述说明中提到可以自定义名称，只需要在<em>root</em>字段修改即可，然而这里有两个容易出问题的地方：</p>
<ul>
<li>你的<em>URL</em>并不是你所在仓库的地址，而应该是你启动仓库的<strong>Gitee Page</strong>服务后分配给你的网站静态域名，以我个人为例，仓库地址为：<a href="https://link.segmentfault.com/?enc=K4yYfYdvJOs0ZHs8Y%2FWFzQ%3D%3D.AJlzYnXy%2F1yaRKE0Uu%2FdeHQkXT5fgmS00RpnhKUCH1SYoYb0X9hp3T6DYJXx1QM5" rel="nofollow">https://gitee.com/MuQianzhi/M...</a>（我新建的网站名称与Gitee账号同名），而网站<em>URL</em>应为“服务--Gitee Page”启动/更新后显示的网站地址：<a href="https://link.segmentfault.com/?enc=9LwU95jfAdf4O6Vb0cW6Jg%3D%3D.nF39rDHS7PbK2EZ%2F3fUXBRhOsfVJScyyELEXT9LMLvg%3D" rel="nofollow">https://muqianzhi.gitee.io</a>
</li>
<li>你的网站目录当然可以和账户不同名，但是那样就需要按照文档说明修改<em>root</em>字段，自己当初定义的名称不同，结果导致域名莫名无法解析，总是无法正确访问网页，因此干脆像<strong>GitHub Page</strong>一样强制要求使用账号同名新建网站仓库，这样还获得了以账号名为特征的独有域名，一举两得！</li>
</ul>
<p><span class="img-wrap"><img class="lazy" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" data-src="/img/bVbqtbh?w=1078&amp;h=582" alt="图片描述" title="图片描述"></span></p>
<p>跳过了上面的坑，接下来需要制定网站采用的主题样式，这里也需要注意：<strong>主题文件解压缩后不要重命名，直接将主题文件名称复制后设置为网站主题</strong>，即</p>
<pre><code># Extensions
## Plugins: https://hexo.io/plugins/
## Themes: https://hexo.io/themes/
# theme: landscape
theme: hexo-theme-landscape</code></pre>
<p>然后需要再修改一次网站部署方式，即<strong>如何上传到Gitee上供大家访问呢</strong>？自己也遇到了第二个坑：</p>
<h4>坑二：Git部署目录不是仓库地址！</h4>
<p>修改代码：</p>
<pre><code># Deployment
## Docs: https://hexo.io/docs/deployment.html
deploy:
  type: git
  repository: https://gitee.com/MuQianzhi/MuQianzhi.git
  branch: master
</code></pre>
<p>注意上面的repository地址并不是仓库的地址，而是你下载/克隆项目时弹出的那个地址，如果使用<em>git</em>就选择<strong>SSH</strong>，如果选择<strong>HTTPS</strong>那么相应的<em>type</em>字段也要修改为<em>https</em></p>
<p><span class="img-wrap"><img class="lazy" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" data-src="/img/bVbqtbj?w=345&amp;h=178" alt="图片描述" title="图片描述"></span></p>
<p>完成上述修改后，一般而言可以启动本地服务器（你还记得上面的<em>hexo s</em>么？），然后从<em>localhost:4000</em>访问查看即可。</p>
<p>跳过了上面两个坑，后面就比较简单了，你需要仔细阅读主题文件下的<em>README.md</em>文件以根据主题特点实现自定制网站。在此之前，你还需要在网站的<em>Git Bash</em>中运行一次安装所有主题依赖插件包的命令：</p>
<pre><code>npm install</code></pre>
<h3>五、Hexo博客中插入图片</h3>
<p>一般而言<em>Markdown</em>都提供插入外链图片的方式，然而由于各种网络传输问题，容易导致由此生成的静态网页中的图片无法成功加载，因此本文推荐一种适用于<em>Hexo 3.0以上版本</em>的简单插入图片的方式。</p>
<ul>
<li>首先修改网站配置文件中的代码：<em>post_asset_folder: true</em>
</li>
<li>
<p>然后在网站目录下运行<em>Git Bash Here</em>，执行命令</p>
<pre><code>hexo new 'your article name'</code></pre>
</li>
<li>运行成功之后就会在网站下的<em>E:MuQianzhi Blogsource_posts</em>中分别生成对应的<em>Markdown</em>文件与同名空目录；</li>
<li>
<p>你的博客文章直接在生成的<em>.md</em>文件中编辑，而引用的图片则以<em>Markdown</em>标准形式<em>![]</em>(图片的相对路径)的形式进行，这里的图片路径需要注意要采用相对路径，即(<strong>注意需要将‘’转变为'/'</strong>)</p>
<pre><code>/your article name/picture's name.png/jpg
</code></pre>
</li>
<li>然后运行<em>hexo 三连</em>查看本地图片是否成功，之后运行<em>hexo d</em>部署到<em>Gitee</em>即可</li>
</ul>
<h3>六、Gitee端的更新</h3>
<p>其实这也算一个小坑吧，一般而言理解一旦运行了<em>hexo deploy(or d)</em>应该就已经将新的网站文件（主要是网站目录下的<em>public</em>目录）上传到了<em>Gitee</em>，然而事实上上步之后直接访问网站URL会发现页面没有改变，原因在于：<strong>你、没有、更新！</strong></p>
<p>是的，对于免费<em>Gitee用户</em>而言，你会需要手动更新一下<strong>Gitee Page</strong>，然后才可以将修改真的“部署”到可访问的网站上。</p>
<p>以上。</p>
<h3>七、末尾</h3>
<p>上述过程记录了一般采用<strong>Gitee+Hexo</strong>搭建个人博客的过程，除了跳过几个“坑”之外，还需要认真阅读主题目录下的<em>README.md</em>文件，以进一步修改页面的索引、标签、图片风格等具体样式。</p>
<p>好了，到此为止，你已经有了一个初步的个人博客，剩下的是根据需要添加不同插件或者调整风格了。</p>
<p>祝愿大家都能有一个属于自己的<strong>个人博客</strong>，感兴趣的朋友可以随时联系我，也可以访问我的个人网站 <a href="https://link.segmentfault.com/?enc=qjagk3LX%2BtmZ%2FmlnGwi1DA%3D%3D.KY9iKUyIQbYHTQLHgagGPyInqh5BJrTkoGP7Oj1fgx0%3D" rel="nofollow">https://muqianzhi.gitee.io/</a></p>
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